-
1 diversify the economy
-
2 diversify the economy
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > diversify the economy
-
3 diversify the economy
диверсифицировать экономику (стран) ;Англо-Русский словарь финансовых терминов > diversify the economy
-
4 diversify the economy
разносторонне развивать экономикуАнгло-русский словарь экономических терминов > diversify the economy
-
5 diversify the economy
1) Общая лексика: диверсифицировать экономику2) Деловая лексика: разностороннее развивать экономику -
6 to diversify the economy
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to diversify the economy
-
7 economy
-
8 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
9 diversify
daɪˈvə:sɪfaɪ гл.
1) а) разнообразить;
изменять, модифицировать Syn: variegate, vary, modify modify. Ant: solidify, unify б) дифференцировать;
разграничивать Syn: differentiate
2) амер. вкладывать в различные отрасли, предприятия (капитал) to diversify the economy ≈ разносторонне развивать экономику
3) компьют. вводить разнообразие ((для обеспечения отказоустойчивости системы)), диверсифицировать разнообразить, варьировать;
порождать многообразие (американизм) вкладывать в различные предприятия (капитал) diversify варьировать ~ амер. вкладывать в различные предприятия (капитал) ~ вкладывать капитал в различные предприятия ~ диверсифицировать ~ производить многономенклатурную продукцию ~ разнообразитьБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > diversify
-
10 разносторонне развивать экономику
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > разносторонне развивать экономику
-
11 windfall
•The world largest oil producer is hoping to exploit the windfall from $70 per barrel oil price to diversify the economy. — Крупнейшая нефтедобывающая компания надеется использовать неожиданную прибыль от продажи нефти по цене $70 за баррель для диверсификации экономики.
-
12 risk
1. n1) риск3) застрахованное лицо; застрахованная вещь
- abnormal risk
- accident risk
- actual risk
- actuarial risk
- additional risk
- admissible risk
- aggregate risk
- air bill all risks
- all risks
- assigned risk
- average risk
- balance-sheet risk
- bilateral risk
- breakage risk
- business risk
- businessman's risk
- buyer's risk
- calculated risk
- catastrophe risk
- charterer's risk
- collective risk
- commercial risk
- company's risk
- concentration risk
- conditional risk
- constant risk
- consumer's risk
- contractor's risk
- conventional risk
- counterparty failure risk
- country risk
- credit risk
- currency risk
- customary risk
- customer's risk
- default risk
- del credere risk
- downside risk
- economic risk
- entrepreneurial risk
- estimated risk
- exchange risk
- exchange rate risk
- excluded risk
- extra risk
- financial risk
- fire risk
- foreign exchange risk
- foreseeable risk
- freight risk
- huge risk
- inherent risk
- insurable risk
- insurance risk
- insured risk
- integrated risk
- interest rate risk
- inventory risk
- investment risk
- irreparable risk
- land risk
- leakage risk
- legal risk
- limited risk
- liquidity risk
- loading risk
- managing risk
- manufacturer's risk
- manufacturing risk
- marine risk
- maritime risk
- market risk
- market liquidity risk
- maturity risk
- mean risk
- minimum risk
- mortality risk
- noninsurable risk
- noninsured risk
- off-balance-sheet risk
- operational risk
- overall risk
- owner's risk
- policy risk
- prepayment risk
- price risk
- producer's risk
- production risk
- project risk
- property risk
- pure risk
- refinancing risk
- regulatory risk
- reinvestment risk
- riot risk
- road risk
- roll-over risk
- savings loss risk
- sea risk
- security risk
- seller's risk
- settlement risk
- shipper's risk
- sovereign risk
- special risk
- speculative risk
- systemic risk
- tenant's risk
- terrorist risk
- tolerated risk
- transaction risk
- transfer risk
- translation risk
- transport risk
- underwriting risk
- unilateral risk
- uninsurable risk
- uninsured risk
- unloading risk
- upside interest rate risk
- usual risk
- volatility risk
- risk for own account
- risk of accidental loss of goods
- risk of boats
- risk of breakage
- risk of buying undervalued securities
- risk of carriage
- risk of collision
- risk of conveyance
- risk of currency depreciation
- risk of damage to goods
- risk of default of acceptance
- risk of a downturn in the world economy
- risk of exchange losses
- risk of fire
- risk of leakage
- risk of loss
- risk of loss on loans
- risk of miscarriage of justice
- risk of mistake
- risk of moisture
- risk of nonacceptance
- risk of nonpayment
- risk of principal
- risk of the sea
- risk of seizure
- risk of a supply shortage
- risk of unforeseeable loss
- against all risks
- at risk
- at smb's risk
- for smb's risk
- 15-fold risk
- accept a risk
- aggravate the risk
- assess a risk
- assume a risk
- bear a risk
- be a good risk
- be a good credit risk
- be a safe trading risk
- be averse to risk
- carry a risk
- cover a risk
- cover risks to property from terrorist attack
- diversify risks
- expose to risk
- heighten risk
- incur a risk
- insure a risk
- insure against a risk
- lessen a risk
- measure a risk
- outweigh risk
- prevent a risk
- price risk
- reduce a risk
- run a risk
- spread a risk
- take a risk
- take out of risk
- underestimate risk
- undertake a risk
- underwrite a risk2. v
См. также в других словарях:
Economy of Morocco — 100 Moroccan dirham Rank 54th Currency Moroccan Dirham (MAD) … Wikipedia
Economy of Nigeria — Currency Nigerian naira (N) (NGN) Trade organisations OPEC Statistics GDP $377.6 billion (2010 est.) (PPP; 31st) … Wikipedia
Economy of Brunei — The Asian financial crisis in 1997 and 1998, coupled with fluctuations in the price of oil have created uncertainty and instability in Brunei s economy. In addition, the 1998 collapse of the AMEDEO Corporation, Brunei s largest construction firm… … Wikipedia
Economy of Dubai — The Economy of Dubai is valued at US$ 46 billion (2006). [http://vgn.dm.gov.ae/DMEGOV/OSI/webreports/Gross.pdf Gross Domestic Product For Dubai Emirates] ] The International Herald Tribune has described it as centrally planned free market… … Wikipedia
Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis — The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis has traditionally depended on the growing and processing of sugar cane; decreasing world prices have hurt the industry in recent years. Tourism, export oriented manufacturing, and offshore banking activity… … Wikipedia
Economy of Malaysia — Fixed exchange rates 1 Ringgit = 100 sen Fiscal year Calendar year … Wikipedia
Economy of Cyprus — Cypriot one euro coin Rank 91st (nominal)[1] 109th (PPP)[2] … Wikipedia
Economy of Cape Verde — A One CVE coin Currency Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) Fiscal year Calendar year … Wikipedia
Economy of Oman — Rank 81st Currency Riyal Omani Fiscal year Calendar year … Wikipedia
diversify — di|ver|si|fy [daıˈvə:sıfaı US dıˈvə:r , daı ] v past tense and past participle diversified present participle diversifying third person singular diversifies 1.) [I and T] if a business, company, country etc diversifies, it increases the range of… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Economy of the Bahamas — Infobox Economy country = The Bahamas width = 300px caption = Bahamian 5 cent coins kk currency = Bahamian dollar (BSD) year = 1 July 30 June organs = WTO, CARICOM rank = 153th gdp = $6.098 billion (2005 est.) growth = 3.5% (2005 est.) per capita … Wikipedia
